Informatics Publishing Limited

S. P. Singh ¹, Harminder Singh ², Nafees Ahmed ³, Huma Sehar ², Nimit Kumar ², Chandan Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu (J&K), IN
2 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
3 Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Shere- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

The NREGA addresses itself chiefly to working people and their fundamental right to live with dignity. The success of the NREGA, however, will depend on people's realization of the Act as a right. The issues involved in empowering workers are in the range of enhancement of knowledge levels, development of literacy skills and organizing workers. Enhancing social security levels of workers also needs to be considered. Another important task is to link NREGA with other developmental programmes. Empowerment of workers and creation of durable assets depend, in terms of their strategies, to a great extent on the linkages between NREGA and other development programmes. Linkages with human development programmes such as the National Rural Health Mission and the National Literacy Mission are needed to ensure basic human entitlements to workers that in turn will enhance their capacity to negotiate their rights under the Act. Linkages with other livelihood and infrastructure initiatives need to be considered for sustainable employment. The thrust of NREGA is on strengthening the natural resource base of livelihood. Initiatives for natural resource management also need to be dovetailed with income generation projects to enable workers to move from wage employment to self-sustaining employment. In addition to this, there is a need to improve the technological options for performances and monitoring.

Keywords

NREGA, MGNREGA, Socio-economic Impact, Rural Population

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Nimit Kumar ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, Jyoti Kachroo ¹, Harminder Singh ¹, Chandan Kumar ¹, Nafees Ahmed ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Stastistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

An investigation entitled economic analysis of cost and returns of Basmati rice in Jammu district of J&K state was conducted in Basmati grown two different development blocks of Jammu district (R. S. Pura and Bishnah) during the agricultural year 2011-12. Four villages from each block were selected randomly. Further, from each village, 10 farmers were selected randomly, so as to constitute a total sample size of 80. Primary data on costs and returns of the Basmati was done by interviewing the farmers with the help of specially structured and pretested schedule and by visiting growers. The per hectare total costs of cultivation (cost-C₂) of Basmati rice worked out to be Rs. 34107.21, Rs. 36895.48, Rs. 39414.98 and Rs. 40517.49 in case of marginal, small, medium and large farms, respectively, with an overall average farms of Rs. 38199.29 while as the respective cost A1, cost A2,cost B1, cost B2 and cost C1were Rs. 17876.26, Rs. 17876.26, Rs. 19363.48, Rs. 28521.21 and Rs. 24949.48 in case of marginal farms, Rs. 20305.58, Rs. 21745.58, Rs. 22469.84, Rs. 32691.48 and Rs. 26673.84 for small farms, Rs. 21804.10, Rs. 25004.10, Rs. 24622.52, Rs. 36183.98 and Rs. 27853.52 for medium farms, and Rs. 23094.17, Rs. 26694.17, Rs. 26315.43, Rs. 38287.49 and Rs. 28545.43 for large farms and on an average of overall farms were Rs. 20610.69, Rs. 23410.69, Rs. 22972.38, Rs. 34259.83 and Rs. 26911.84, respectively. The overall per hectare returns of Basmati rice were Rs. 53869.00, Rs. 53585.83, Rs. 53462.04, Rs. 54118.08 for marginal, small, medium and large farms with an average of overall farms was Rs. 53684.06. The benefit cost ratio on the total cost of cultivation was 1: 1.57, 1: 1.45, 1: 1.36 and 1: 1.34 for marginal, small, medium and large farms with an average of overall farms were 1: 1.40.

Keywords

Cost Concept, Item Wise Cost, Cost Structure, C-B Ratio

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Sanat Sharma ¹, Raj Sharma ¹, Harminder Singh ¹, Bithika Nelkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Govt. Medical College, Jagdalpur C.G., IN

Abstract

Herbel medicines have come a long way since the days of the ancient herbalism the evidence of which goes back about 60,000 years. The plant kingdom has provided an endless source of medicinal plants - earlier used in crude forms but today even the active principal has been successfully isolated. This gives a lead to transform these herbals into evidence based medicine that can keep pace with today's modern medicine. This policy will help in enriching our rich ancient culture of traditional medicines to be utilized to its maximum extent. This may also help, to provide a pharmacological basis for the herbals and thus the knowledge of science of ancient herbalism should not vanish in antiquity.

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Indira Devi ¹, Harminder Singh ¹, Anirudh Thakur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN

Abstract

The main objective of the present programme was to widen the varietal range of early ripening peach cultivars. Crosses were made between Shan-i-Punjab x Florda Prince, Shan-i-Punjab x Flordaglo and Shan-i- Punjab x Prabhat. The embryos of these crosses were rescued after 65, 75 and 85 days of crossing and cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with varying concentration of BAP (0 to 2 mg/l) and IBA (0 to 1 mg/l). After stratification at 4°C, the embryo cultured tubes were transferred to a growth chamber at 24 ± 2°C for germination. Seeds harvested at 85 days after crossing showed maximum embryo germination (75.26%). Among these crosses, hybrid-3 (Shan-i-Punjab x Prabhat) showed maximum germination (81.66%) in M2 medium (MS medium + BAP 0.25 mg/l + IBA 0.05 mg/l) when rescued after 85 days of pollination. Embryos harvested at fully matured stage (85 days after pollination) took minimum days to germinate.

Keywords

Embryo Germination, Growth Stages, Low Chill Peach Hybrids, Media.

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Deepak Sharma ¹, Nripsudes Singh ¹, Harminder Singh ¹, Harminder Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Scholars of Mechanical Engineering Department, IET BHADDAL, Ropar (Punjab), IN

Abstract

In the industries, there are different types of materials used for the different kind of purposes & works. Materials are selected for various purposes according to their different kind of properties. But after long interval of time material get eroded due to erosion. Erosion is mainly caused by sliding & colliding action of solid, liquid & gaseous particles over the surface of component in service. Present work investigated the slurry erosion behavior of AISI304 Steel under different condition such, velocity, impact angle and concentration. Slurry erosion testing was carried out for the duration of 120 mins. Testing was carried out on laboratory developed apparatus. For proper interaction of various parameters and to analyze their influence statistical technique such as Taguchi l9 orthogonal array was used for Design of Experiment. Result obtained by the experimentation was further analyzed using Taguchi approach. Regression equations are modeled for modeling of the slurry erosion process of AISI 304 steel. It was found that AISI 304 Steel shown best resistance at impact angle of 90°. It was found that velocity has significant effect on the erosion rate of material.

Keywords

Slurry Erosion, Material, Rig, Statistical Technique, Erosion Rating.

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Yamini Sharma ¹, Harminder Singh ¹, Sompal Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Punjab Agricultural University, Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana 141 004, IN

Abstract

Peach trees were trained to four systems, viz. Yshaped, Hedge row, Espailer and V trellis. Irrespective of the training system in upper canopy total PAR increased from January to July and then a decrease was recorded. However, in lower canopy an inverse trend was recorded. The total radiation intercepted during the year was maximum (59.99%) in Espailer system followed by V trellis (57.76%). Minimum radiation interception (49.05%) was recorded in trees trained to Hedge row. Upper canopy part of the tree received more PAR which influenced fruit quality in terms of size, weight, acidity, total sugars, firmness.

Keywords

Canopy Management, Quality Improvement, Peach, PAR, Training Systems.

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Amanjot Singh ¹, Harminder Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Finance, Deakin University, Melbourne - 3125, Victoria, AU
2 Department of Finance, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Melbourne - 3125, Victoria, AU

Abstract

We investigate whether depreciation of USD-CNY exchange rate causes direct or indirect effects on conditional variances in the international equity markets, especially of Japanese, ASEAN, Australian, and Indian markets. Employing APARCH and using MSCI indices we find a significant positive impact of Yuan’s depreciation on the conditional variances of Japanese, ASEAN and Australian equity markets. When USD-CNY exchange rate depreciates by 0.25 percent or more, volatility in the Chinese equity market causes a significant positive impact on the conditional volatility in the Japanese and Australian equity markets, though with some lag. USD-CNY exchange rate movements strongly influence the ASEAN equity markets across all time frames. The findings may enable investors to manage their portfolios of equity markets under consideration in the presence or absence of USD-CNY movements.

Keywords

China, Information Contents, Stock Return, Transmission, Volatility.

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